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Norman Angell |
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Norman
Angell is Bradford's Nobel Peace Prize winner. He was Labour
MP for Bradford North from 1929 - 31, during which time he was a Foreign
Office advisor. He came to realise during his Bradford years that
he was a writer more than a politician, so did not continue a career
in politics |
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after leaving Bradford in 1931. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
in 1933 for his work as an author. In particular he wrote The
Great Illusion, first published in 1909, which argued that
war did not make good economic sense. His work was reprinted many
times, and a new edition issued in 1933. |
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a century later, in 1982, the Archbishop of Canterbury Robert
Runcie, in his sermon at the Westminster Abbey Falklands
War memorial service, praised Angell and said: |
| "At
the beginning of the 20th century in a noble book, which deserves
re-reading, 'The
Great Illusion' by Norman
Angell, the irrational character of war in a modern world was
precisely described... we flourish and become prosperous, not by raiding
and pauperising our neighbours, but by building them up." |
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great-niece, Alice Everard-Angell,
visited Bradford in 2001 to help launch The Peace Museum's
(see site 16)
newly created international travelling exhibition on the Nobel Peace
Prize, in which her great-uncle featured. |
| Norman
Angell did not have a permanent residence in Bradford
whilst an MP but when he was in the city he lodged with the then |
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Deputy
Mayor who lived at 43 Leamington Street in Manningham,
down Oak Lane from Manningham Mills (see
site 27). |
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A
commemorative plaque will be put up in Bradford
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Manningham Mills |
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Manningham
Mills is an enormous former mill, now turned into flats.
It is also called Lister's Mill because it was built
by the manufacturing magnate Samuel Cunliffe
Lister. It has a chimney, modelled on the bell tower
of San Marco, Venice, which can be seen from across Bradford. |
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plaque on the mill wall at the corner with Heaton Road
and Oak Lane, opposite the Police Station, records the
strike in 1890 |
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is acknowledged to have given the impetus to the formation of the
Independent Labour Party in 1893 (see
site 14). Workers were fighting cuts in wages imposed
by the employers. They suffered attacks by the Police and were eventually
starved back |
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work, but they had learnt the need for organisation to protect their
needs. |
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The
plaque reads: |
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Mills Strike Centenary 1890-1990. At this place in December 1890 began
the Manningham Mills strike which lasted until April 1891. This led
to the founding of the Bradford Labour Union which in turn saw the
formation of the national Independent Labour Party in Bradford three
years later. (see site
14). |
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Oak Lane |
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| Oak
Lane: Bradford has suffered two recent community disturbances,
in 1995 and 2001. In both, battles with the police were fought out
on Oak Lane. In 1995, the disturbances were triggered
by policing of a neighbour complaint. On that day a multiracial, multifaith
group of women, who had been meeting regularly, came together in the
house of a member who lived in the vicinity to share concern about
the violence. |
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quickly decided to draw the word 'peace' in English and Urdu
on a white sheet banner and, carrying candles, take it out onto the
street. Ignoring jibes of 'get back to the kitchen' the women
walked slowly up Oak Lane towards Manningham Mills with the banner.
The crowd of young men began to disperse (11 June 1995). |
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| 28
Oak Lane (cont) |
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2001 disturbance was triggered by rumours that fascist groups were
to parade in Bradford. Again, young men ended up fighting the police
causing destruction in the neighbourhoods of White Abbey
and Oak Lane. Since then, statutory organisations, voluntary
groups and individuals in Bradford have worked hard to build positive
community relationships, to heal rifts and to face difficult challenges
in day-to-day life. |
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Miriam Lord |
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Miriam
Lord trained at the Rachel McMillan Nursery School
in Deptford (see
site 24). She became Head of Bradford's first Open
Air Nursery School in 1921 at Lilycroft School, on Lilycroft
Road, Manningham. The Nursery School Movement was new and visitors
from all over the world came to |
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| Bradford
to see the nursery in practice. The Open Air Nursery School was in
a purpose-built, single storey building behind the main school. Lilycroft
Nursery School is using it now. There was a verandah running the length
of the building and open to a lovely garden. Built in the midst of
the mill workers' community, it aimed to meet some of the social,
medical and educational needs of the families. |
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in Bradford, and with a father who was a founded member of the Independent
Labour Party (see
site 14), Miriam Lord OBE also founded the Margaret
McMillan Trust that funded the teacher training college, now part
of Bradford College (see
site 24). A commemorative plaque now up on the
west gatepost of Lilycroft Primary School. |
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| In
1956, Miriam Lord wrote about a soldier visiting the school in 1941:
'He
felt he must see at once the place where he had spent 'the happiest
years' of his life. Out there, 'in the heat and filth and noise, among
sand, flies, blood and death', he told how his mind forever wandered
back to the cool, green oasis of childhood's memory'. |
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had described the Open Air Nursery to his fellow soldiers, as a children's
paradise, the rabbits, the sand, the dovecote. As he left he said: |
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all children in every land could have such a start, the world would
not be in the chaos it is today. Happy people don't make wars'. |
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